“Vaccines” for Honeybees and Shrimp?
Researchers are investigating whether feeding inactivated bacteria to invertebrates such as honeybees and shrimp can act as “vaccines” by causing epigenetic changes that prevent disease, even though invertebrates lack the immune system typically targeted by traditional vaccines.1 The first vaccine for honeybees has received conditional approval from the U.S. Department of Agriculture in 2023 and […]